Introduction

Providing a safe and appropriate habitat is crucial to the health and well-being of any pet, and reptiles are no exception. As a reptile owner, choosing the right type of enclosure is one of the most important decisions you'll make. With a wide variety of enclosures on the market, it can be overwhelming to determine which is best for your pet. Each type of enclosure has its own set of pros and cons;  you should consider factors such as your animal's specific needs, your budget, and your available space. 

In this article, we will explore the pros and cons of the most common types of reptile enclosures:

• PVC Enclosures
• Glass Enclosures
• Rack Systems
• Screen Enclosures
• Tubs and Tub Conversions
• Grow Tents
• Wooden Enclosures
• DIY Enclosures

PVC Enclosures

PVC enclosures are becoming increasingly popular among reptile keepers. They are made from a type of plastic called polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is lightweight, durable, and highly customizable. In fact, PVC enclosures are our top choice for most species due to their many advantages.

Pros:

• Front-facing doors enable easy access for maintenance and handling.
• They are lightweight and stackable, making them easy to move and store.
• PVC Enclosures are durable and escape-resistant, providing a secure habitat for your pet.
• Easy to customize with features such as shelves, dividers, and ventilation.
• Available in a wide variety of sizes, from small individual enclosures to large multi-tiered units.
• Resists humidity and leakage well, helping to maintain a healthy environment for your pet. 
• Unlike wood PVC is not prone to warping or deteriorating due to moisture.
• Moreover, PVC can be sealed to create a more watertight option, making it ideal for animals that require high humidity levels.
• They allow for quick and easy installation of overhead heating and lighting.
• They retain heat and humidity very well, making it easier to maintain a stable environment.
• Easy to clean and maintain, with smooth surfaces resistant to stains and odors.

Cons:

• PVC enclosures may be more expensive initially than other options. 
• Often not well-ventilated, which can be a concern for some species. 
• When researching PVC enclosures, it is crucial to understand how the ventilation is set up. Some will be fully enclosed with air holes and vents placed directly in the panels—others (like ours) will have screen tops. The ventilation method will affect the heat and humidity retention as well as the airflow. 
• It can hold heat and humidity too well, impairing the thermal gradient necessary for some reptiles or keeping the environment too moist. Continuously monitor your enclosures. 
• It has a lower melting point than materials such as glass; if the heating is not regulated, it can be a fire hazard. 
• To prevent this, constantly monitor temperatures and ensure your fixtures are attached to a thermostat and/or a dimmer. 

With the ability to support larger builds and customization, PVC terrariums can provide a secure and comfortable home for terrestrial and arboreal reptiles of various sizes.

Should you be concerned with VOCs?

“Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a large group of chemicals that are found in many products we use to build and maintain our homes. Once these chemicals are in our homes, they are released or ‘off-gas’ into the indoor air we breathe” (Minnesota Department of Health). There have been rising concerns regarding VOCs and outgassing with PVC enclosures. Fortunately, most reptile enclosures are made with a closed-cell PVC foam board; this material differs from traditional PVC.  This material also demonstrates excellent weather and heat resistance, which results in reduced outgassing, if there is any at all. Current research shows that PVC is safe for reptiles. 

Glass Enclosures

Glass enclosures are another popular option for housing reptiles. Different types are available, including aquariums with top openings, front-opening terrariums, and paludariums. Each type of glass enclosure offers unique features suitable for varying species, and you should consider your pet's specific needs when selecting an enclosure. 

Pros:

• They are readily available and easy to find in pet stores.
• They can provide a diverse temperature gradient in a relatively small space, allowing for easy overhead heating/lighting placement directly on the screen. 
• They are well-ventilated due to the screen enclosure and are also watertight.
• Please remember that glass terrariums are NOT designed for aquatic animals and must use an aquarium to hold large volumes of water.
• Glass terrariums are more attractive than other enclosures, allowing for easy viewing of your animals. 
• They are easy to clean. 

Cons: 

• Glass enclosures are heavy, and you cannot disassemble them.
• Glass enclosures do not retain temperature and humidity well.
• Since these are transparent on all sides, your animals may feel less secure or uncomfortable.  
• If shattered, glass produces dangerous shards that can cause serious injury to you or your pet. 
• Glass enclosures are not stackable, making it challenging to keep a large number of setups in the same area without purchasing additional shelving. 
• Glass enclosures are vulnerable to escapes, and even when taking extra precautions such as attaching screen clips, many reptile keepers still report escapees. 

Aquariums/Top-Opening Enclosures

One commonly used type of enclosure for pet reptiles is a top-opening glass enclosure, which can come in either an aquarium or a reptile-specific glass terrarium. These enclosures are typically more affordable, readily available, and easy to find in most pet stores. They are quick and easy to set up with no assembly needed. 

These enclosures are generally available up to a specific size, with 20 and 40-gallon tanks the most common. The largest size readily available at most stores is 75 gallons. Aquarium measurements can be tricky to navigate when placing a reptile in them. Although an aquarium may be the proper gallon size, the dimensions may not suit your specific animal. 

If using an aquarium, it is necessary to modify it for reptile use by adding a screen lid and securing it to the enclosure. Top-opening enclosures, including reptile-branded ones, are known to be vulnerable to animal escapes. Therefore, adding screen locks to all top-opening enclosures is recommended, even if they come with a locking mechanism. Aquariums and top-opening terrariums need to be modified to house arboreal species. 

One major drawback of top-opening glass enclosures is that they are only accessible through the top, making it inconvenient for keepers to access their animals. To access the animal, you must remove all heating, lighting, and screen clips, which can be time-consuming and frustrating.

Despite some drawbacks, top-opening glass enclosures remain popular among reptile keepers due to their widespread availability and ease of use.

Front-Opening Enclosures

Front-opening terrariums are one of the most popular choices for reptile keepers. The front-facing doors provide easy access to the animal and the enclosure. These are easy to find in most pet stores and come in sizes suitable for terrestrial and arboreal species. Although in-person size options may be limited, you can find larger sizes at specialty stores, expos, and online. Since these were designed specifically for reptiles, they are more escape-resistant than top-opening enclosures. Front opening enclosures are more expensive, and their screen tops make them so you cannot stack multiple together without modifications or additional shelving. 

Paludariums

A paludarium is a glass vivarium that incorporates terrestrial and aquatic elements.  Paludariums offer a unique and exciting way to create a stunning and dynamic environment for reptiles and aquatic life. Still, their limited availability and higher cost make them a less common choice among reptile keepers. These enclosures are usually only available in sizes ranging from 12” x 12” x 24” with a 4-gallon water feature to 18” x 18” x 36” with a 10-gallon water feature and are not carried in most pet stores. They can, however, be found at specialty stores, expos, and online. You can also have them custom-made. Creating a paludarium can be created by combining other enclosures with an aquarium. Overall, paludariums are an excellent option for creating a show-stopping and naturalistic focus piece, but they are not ideal for the everyday keeper. 

Rack Systems 

Racks are vertical shelving units designed for space efficiency, with snug-fitting tubs to create escape-resistant enclosures. Racks are primarily used by breeders, research facilities, and rescues as a cost-effective, space-saving option for their reptiles. Individual keepers with a vast collection may also select to utilize rack systems. 

Pros:

• Racks utilize vertical space, allowing them to minimize the overall size footprint of the set-up. 
• Racks allow for a high capacity of reptiles in a small area. 
• Racks have excellent humidity and heat retention.
• They are more cost-efficient to heat, and most keepers will utilize long pieces of heat tape with a single thermostat to heat multiple animals.
• They are watertight. 
• Please remember that they are not designed to hold large volumes of water and should not house aquatic animals. 
• They are escape resistant as well as easy to clean and maintain. 
• The overall cost is relatively inexpensive. 
• Racks create a dark and secure environment. Some keepers may use less clutter or decor, resulting in an easy-to-clean enclosure with a minimal upfront cost. 

Cons: 

• The enclosure size is limited based on the size of tubs available that can fit in the rack’s frame. 
• They have less ventilation than other enclosures, and their small surface area makes it challenging to provide a temperature gradient. 
• Most rack systems use one thermostat to monitor temperatures for multiple enclosures. If a thermostat fails, it has the potential to cause mass injury or die out of all the affected animals. 
• Racks do not allow the installation of overhead heating or lighting, such as UVB.
• The limited space usually results in minimal enclosure decor and may limit the animals’ enrichment opportunities.  
• Unlike PVC enclosures, racks may produce VOCs. 
• The animals are not as visible, and you can only regularly observe them by opening the racks. 
• Racks are less appealing to look at compared to other enclosure options.

Racks are one of the oldest and most common methods for keeping reptiles. They allow keepers to keep many animals in a small space and are inexpensive to set up and maintain. They are ideal for breeders, facilities, and collectors. Still, they are only sometimes recommended for the individual keeper since most people want to be able to see and interact with their pets regularly! 

Screen Enclosures

The screen enclosure designs are for small to medium-sized arboreal reptiles that require ample climbing space, ventilation, and access to warm basking areas, cool air, and water, such as specific species of chameleons. These vertically-oriented cages are constructed with mesh walls, emphasizing height over width. Doing further research regarding your particular animal species is strongly advised to see if a screen enclosure suits their needs. 

Pros: 

• Screen enclosures are inexpensive compared to similar alternatives, such as glass. 
• Screen enclosures are very lightweight.
• These enclosures allow for easy access through front-opening doors. 
• They allow for ample ventilation and permit the easy installation and use of overhead heating and lighting. 
• Their design minimizes the possibility of animals escaping.

Cons:

• Due to the amount of ventilation, retaining heat and humidity in these is very difficult. 
• They are not watertight and prone to leaks.  
• There are limited sizes commercially available.
• The screen material is challenging to clean and disinfect.
• The screen may obstruct the ability to see the animal and may not be as visually appealing to some. 
• Screen enclosures are less readily available in pet stores.
• Screen enclosures only work for a limited number of animals. 

Tubs and Tub Conversions 

Tubs are plastic storage containers, either opaque or translucent, that some keepers will repurpose into reptile enclosures. They are commonly used within a rack system but can function as standalone enclosures. Tubs are heated via a heat mat and ventilated through holes manually poked in by the keeper. Options to do this include using a soldering iron or a drill- just be sure to remove all plastic bits before allowing your animal inside. You may also upgrade the tub using a commercially made tub conversion kit or by modifying the lid to allow for a screen top. 

Pros:

• Tubs are very easy to find. They are available for purchase at many different store types. 
• Tubs are very affordable.
• Tubs are lightweight and watertight.
• Please remember that they are not designed to hold large volumes of water and should not house aquatic animals. 
• Tubs can be secured and resistant to escapes. 
• Ensure that if you select tubs as your preferred housing method, you purchase tubs with secure, tight-fitting, and latching lids. 
• Tubs are easy to clean and maintain. 
• The opaque or semi-opaque walls help create security for the animal. 
• Standalone tubs allow for more space than tubs used in rack systems. 

Cons: 

• The overall size of the enclosure will still be limited to the size of tubs you can find. 
• They can hold heat and humidity too well, and creating a temperature gradient may be difficult. 
• Tubs without modification can only utilize under tank heating.
• In the event of a thermostat malfunction, tubs can overheat and melt; this can be a safety issue and a fire hazard. 
• You cannot utilize overhead lighting, such as UVB, without modification. 
• Tubs allow for limited viewing and aren’t the most visually appealing set-up.
• There are concerns that tubs may also produce VOCs. 
• Tub conversion kits are not easily accessible and usually are only online. 
• If the tub lid is not secured correctly or does not latch, the animal may be able to escape. 

Grow Tents

Another option that has been increasing in popularity for housing reptiles is to repurpose a grow tent typically used for indoor plant growing. This option is unconventional, but grow tents can be a budget-friendly and effective option for creating a reptile enclosure. Most keepers will utilize grow tents for animals that need larger spaces. However, due to concerns related to escape, grow tents are not recommended for snake enclosures.

Pros:

• Grow tents are often less expensive than traditional reptile enclosures, making them an attractive option for those on a budget.
• Grow tents are relatively light, which makes them easy to move around and adjust as needed.
• Grow tents retain heat and humidity well.
• The walls of a grow tent are designed to trap heat and moisture, which can benefit reptiles requiring high humidity levels.
• Grow tents can be customized to suit the needs of different reptile species, including adding overhead heating and lighting, such as UVB. 
• A grow tent's opaque walls can help create a dark, secure space for reptiles who prefer hiding.
• Grow tents come in various sizes, with some models available up to 20’L x 10’W x 8’H, making them suitable for small, medium, and large-sized reptiles.

Cons:

• Grow tents are not the most aesthetically pleasing option for a reptile enclosure.
• The opaque walls of a grow tent can make it challenging to observe your reptile.
• Grow tents may not provide adequate ventilation, which can be problematic for reptiles that require a lot of airflow.
• The heat-retaining properties of a grow tent can be a double-edged sword, as it may lead to overheating if not adequately managed.
• Grow tents are not as secure as some other reptile enclosures and may not be suitable for species prone to escape.
• Grow tents are not built to last as long as traditional reptile enclosures and may require more frequent replacement. The tents are prone to tearing. 
• The material used to construct grow tents may not be completely waterproof, leading to leaks and other moisture-related issues.
• The reflective inner lining of a grow tent can harm reptile eyes, particularly those requiring bright lighting.

Grow tents can be a cost-effective and spacious option for housing terrestrial or arboreal reptiles when modified to suit their needs. Grow tents can be a viable reptile housing option when adequately modified and maintained.

Wooden Enclosures 

Wooden enclosures are a popular and affordable option for reptile hobbyists, made from an inexpensive and readily available material. In addition, their DIY value makes them easy to customize to the occupant's needs in the design process. Wooden terrariums are suitable for housing terrestrial and arboreal reptiles of any size, provided that the construction supports the size of the enclosure.

Pros:

• Wood is typically a more affordable alternative to glass or PVC. 
• Wood enclosures usually have front-facing doors that allow for easy access. 
• Wood enclosures can easily have a screen top to place heating and lighting. Heating and lighting options can also mount inside the enclosure. 
• Wood enclosures are usually more secure and less prone to animal escapes. 
• Wood enclosures are easy to have built to be customized to your needs, including being able to stack them.
• Wood enclosures can hold what and humidity well, depending on their design. 
• The possibilities of the size of the enclosures are endless since wood is readily available, and it is simple to have it custom-made to fit your specific needs. 
• Wood is opaque and will allow the animal to feel more secure. 

Cons:

• Wood is a heavier material and is more difficult to take apart. Power tools are likely to be required.
• Depending on the build, the enclosure may not be well-ventilated and may hold too much heat, making it harder to provide the proper thermal gradient. 
• Wood can rot and warp in the presence of high humidity or water.
• You must adequately seal a wood enclosure to prolong its useful life. 
• Wood is flammable, and heating fixtures need to be monitored carefully.
• Wood can cause splinters, potentially harming you or your animal.

Wood is a popular choice for individuals who are looking to create a DIY enclosure. This will require power tools and an understanding of basic construction knowledge. It is vital to pick suitable materials when building your enclosure; some wood may be toxic to reptiles. 

Do NOT use the following types of wood:

• Coniferous or evergreen wood, including, but not limited to:
• Cedar
• Pine
• Douglas Fir
• Camphor
• Eucalyptus Trees
• Chemically Treated Wood
• Wood with Thorns
• Softwood/sappy wood

Safer Wood Options:

• Oak
• Maple 
• Birch
• Dogwood
• Most hardwoods
• There are many other safe options for a wooden enclosure build. 

Although wood is the most common material used for homemade enclosures, there are many other options that people have used. These include PVC board, cork board (for arid species only), melamine, and furniture conversations. If you want to build your enclosure, always perform additional thorough research to ensure the materials are safe for your specific animal. You should also learn the pros and cons of each type of material. What works for one person may not work for another. 

Conclusion 

In conclusion, choosing the right kind of enclosure for your reptile is crucial for their health and well-being. This article explores the pros and cons of the most common reptile enclosures, including PVC, glass, rack systems, screen enclosures, tubs and tub conversions, grow tents, wooden enclosures, and DIY enclosures. When choosing an enclosure, you should consider your pet's specific needs, your budget, and your available space. Please keep in mind that this article only provides a brief overview of the pros and cons of each type of enclosure. While this information can help you make an informed decision, it should not be your sole source of information. Conducting further research and seeking advice from a veterinarian or experienced reptile owner is strongly recommended before choosing an enclosure for your pet.

Sources

Healey, Mariah.  “SHOWDOWN! What is the BEST Type of Reptile Enclosure?” Reptifiles. 

https://reptifiles.com/best-type-of-reptile-enclosure/

Oddblod. “How Do You Prepare Wood For A Reptile Cage (By Baking).”

https://oddlycutepets.com/prepare-wood-for-reptile-cage/

Team, Ben. “Dangerous Wood Types to Reptiles.” https://animals.mom.com/dangerous-wood-types-reptiles-5604.html